Which statement best describes a protective factor in suicide risk assessment?

• A. Access to lethal means
• B. Past attempts
• C. Strong social support
• D. Substance abuse

Answer: (C)

Protective factors reduce suicide risk by buffering stress and enhancing a person’s ability to cope. Strong social support fits this role because it creates connection, reduces isolation, and helps people seek help when symptoms worsen. It also provides emotional comfort and practical assistance, which can promote adherence to treatment and foster hope during crisis.

In contrast, access to lethal means increases risk because it raises the likelihood that a crisis could turn into a fatal act. A history of past attempts signals greater risk for future attempts, and substance abuse can worsen mood, impulsivity, and treatment challenges, all of which heighten risk rather than protect against it.