Which step is part of ethical decision making in nursing?

• A. Denying the patient information
• B. Ignoring legal considerations
• C. Gathering information
• D. Making decisions without consensus

Answer: (C)

Gathering information is the first essential step in ethical decision making in nursing. By collecting complete facts about the patient, medical condition, prognosis, values, preferences, cultural and spiritual beliefs, and the relevant legal, policy, and organizational guidelines, the nurse can clearly see the ethical dimensions of the situation. This helps identify rights and obligations, potential benefits and harms, and who will be affected, which is necessary before weighing options. With solid information, the nurse can explore alternatives and engage with the patient, family, and care team to reach a morally sound plan.

Denying patient information blocks autonomy and informed consent; ignoring legal considerations risks legal and professional consequences; and making decisions without consensus bypasses collaborative care and the shared decision-making central to ethical practice.